Knowledge Update

The evolution of supply chain management has been significantly influenced by digital transformation, leading to the emergence of e-supply chains. These digitally integrated systems aim to enhance efficiency, improve real-time tracking, and optimize overall performance. However, e-supply chains also introduce a range of challenges that organizations must navigate to ensure smooth operations. These challenges span technological limitations, cybersecurity threats, supply chain disruptions, and difficulties in achieving seamless coordination between different stakeholders.

Tourism plays a crucial role in the economic development of many developing countries, serving as a major contributor to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The industry not only generates direct income but also creates employment opportunities, attracts foreign investment, and stimulates infrastructure development. Developing nations often possess rich cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and unique traditions that appeal to international tourists. These attributes, when effectively marketed and supported by government policies, can significantly enhance national income and improve living standards for local populations.

The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) is bringing about a radical paradigm shift in how we approach and interact with academic writing in the fast-paced world of academia. This revolutionary force is radically changing the dynamics of scholarly communication and knowledge distribution in addition to simplifying procedures [1]. Academic writing has historically been a time-consuming and labour-intensive process that requires very hard work. It may be careful study, analysis, and adherence to strict citation guidelines. However, the emergence of AI has caused a transformation in the writing processes of scholars, researchers, and students.

ESG Reporting has gained momentum worldwide and same is in the Middle East. Investors , government and all the stakeholders now demand and look upon the companies who are committed to sustainability. Since these stakeholders seek greater accountability and transparency, the popularity of ESG has been increasing. This practiced has transformed the landscape of organization and compelled organizations to disclose their sustainability risks and strategies. Middle East was previously more dependent on fossil fuels, but now it has embraced ESG reporting as a tool for its long term growth and resilience.

Alpha decay and double alpha decay are significant decay modes in heavy and super-heavy nuclei. Alpha decay, identified by Ernest Rutherford in 1899 [1] and explained with Frederick Soddy (1902–1903), involves the emission of a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons), causing the parent atom to transform into a new element. This well-studied process has been instrumental in understanding nuclear stability and decay chains [2].

The rise of information technology (IT), internet penetration, and online banking availability have made the banking sector's adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies progressively easier. New technological advancements have facilitated the emergence of AI systems into numerous banking functions, primarily through adopting machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP).

Neural networks, a subset of artificial intelligence, have emerged as powerful tools in the field of cryptography and secure communication. Cryptography relies heavily on mathematical models and computational complexity to ensure the security and integrity of data. Neural networks can enhance this domain by introducing adaptive, intelligent methods for encryption, decryption, and key generation.

In a globalized world of competitive requirements, acquiring adequate communicative competence in English as a lingua franca has become a success indicator. What does the acquisition of adequate communicative competence reflect? As seen by the author of this paper amongst others, adequate communicative competence embodies one’s ability to manipulate language fluently, accurately, and appropriately. Concerned with oral communication specifically, the current paper delineates how using speech fillers can be minimized to ensure effective communication.

Two of the oldest and most fundamental sciences, mathematics and physics, are essential to human civilization. Despite their close connections, historical evidence clearly indicates that mathematics was created by humans long before physics was systematically investigated. This article explores the rationale behind this order, the development of disciplines across time, and instances that show this development.

The global economy is undergoing profound transformations as nations face diverse demographic shifts. Developed economies are grappling with aging populations and declining fertility rates, while emerging markets contend with large, youthful populations. These contrasting challenges require innovative approaches to maintain economic stability and growth. Artificial intelligence (AI) and automation are no longer optional enhancements, they are integral tools for navigating these demographic realities. By reshaping labour markets, enhancing productivity, and fostering inclusivity, these technologies are enabling nations to adapt to demographic shifts with resilience.